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Java的AJAX请求中文编码方法 11 December 2009 2:50 Friday by 小屋 分享收藏

这里的方案是页面(page)是基于GBK(gb2312) 的编码格式

AJAX的中文情况,默认情况下,tomcat和weblogic的get和post请求的编码方案都不一样,不过前提都是要设置 request.setCharactorEncoding("UTF-8")如下面代码中,get方案是很烦琐的那种将得到的参数重新编码来实现 的|new String(request.getParameter("para name").getBytes("encoding name"))|而post方案是比较简单而方便的,也提倡使用这种方式,因为可以基于filter来管理编码
tomcat可以通过设置在server.xml里的Connector元素下设置URIencoding="gbk"参数来让get使用 post的方案(即get和post都使用request.setCharactorEncoding("UTF- 8"),request.getParameter("para name") )具体设置参考http://www.javaeye.com/topic/131542,不过在weblogic下无解(我个人还没发现如何实 现),weblogic好像在解析get参数后自己又用什么编码格式包装过......其实AJAX get根本没有普通请求get请求作为标签的作用,我们完全可以不使用get,而只使用post

测试用的jsp和servlet在下面,丢到一个项目里,在web.xml里配置servlet后运行可以看到效果,servlet的url- pattern是这个<url-pattern>/GetAndPostExample</url-pattern>

getAndPostExample.jsp

Java代码
  1. <%@ page language= "java"   import = "java.util.Date"   contentType= "text/html; charset=gbk" %>  
  2. <html>  
  3.     <head>  
  4.         <title>发送带参数的信息到服务器，以及get,post的区别</title>  
  5.         <script type="text/javascript" >  
  6.             var xmlHttp;              
  7.             function show()  
  8.                 {  
  9.                 document.getElementById("show" ).value=document.getElementById( "firstName" ).value;  
  10.                 }  
  11.             function createXMLHttpRequest()  
  12.                 {  
  13.                 if  (window.ActiveXObject)  
  14.                     xmlHttp = new  ActiveXObject( "Microsoft.XMLHTTP" );  
  15.                 else   if  (window.XMLHttpRequest)  
  16.                     xmlHttp = new  XMLhttpRequest();  
  17.                 }  
  18.               
  19.             function createQueryString()  
  20.                 {  
  21.                 var firstName = document.getElementById("firstName" ).value;  
  22.                 var secondName = document.getElementById("secondName" ).value;  
  23.                 var birthday = document.getElementById("birthday" ).value;  
  24.                   
  25.                 var queryString = "firstName=" +firstName+ "&secondName=" +secondName  
  26.                                                 +"&birthday=" +birthday;  
  27.                 return  queryString;  
  28.                 }  
  29.               
  30.             function doRequestUsingGET()  
  31.                 {  
  32.                 createXMLHttpRequest();  
  33.                 show();  
  34.                 var queryString = "GetAndPostExample?" ;  
  35.                 queryString = queryString + createQueryString()  
  36.                                         + "&timeStamep="  +  new  Date().getTime();  
  37.                 xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;  
  38.                 xmlHttp.open("GET" ,queryString, true );  
  39.                                     xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("RequestType" , "ajax" );  
  40.                 xmlHttp.send(null );  
  41.                 //alert(queryString);   
  42.                 }  
  43.                   
  44.             function doRequestUsingPOST()  
  45.                 {  
  46.                 createXMLHttpRequest();  
  47.                 show();       
  48.                 var url = "GetAndPostExample"   
  49.                 var queryString = createQueryString()+ "&timeStamp=" +  new  Date().getTime();           
  50.                 xmlHttp.open("POST" ,url, true );  
  51.                 xmlHttp.onreadystatechange = handleStateChange;  
  52.                 xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("Content-Type" , "application/x-www-form-urlencoded;" );  
  53.                                      //设置报头,说明此请求是ajax请求   
  54.                                      xmlHttp.setRequestHeader("RequestType" , "ajax" );  
  55.                 xmlHttp.send(queryString);  
  56.                 }  
  57.                   
  58.             function handleStateChange()  
  59.                 {  
  60.                 if  (xmlHttp.readyState ==  4 )  
  61.                     {  
  62.                     if  (xmlHttp.status ==  200 )  
  63.                         parseResults();  
  64.                     }  
  65.                 }  
  66.               
  67.             function parseResults()  
  68.                 {  
  69.                 var responseDiv = document.getElementById("serverResponse" );  
  70.                 if  (responseDiv.hasChildNodes())  
  71.                     {  
  72.                     responseDiv.removeChild(responseDiv.childNodes[0 ]);  
  73.                     }  
  74.                 var responseText = document.createTextNode(xmlHttp.responseText);  
  75.                 responseDiv.appendChild(responseText);  
  76.                 }  
  77.               
  78.         </script>  
  79.     </head>  
  80.     <body>  
  81.         <h1>输入你的姓，名，生日日期</h1>  
  82.         <br>  
  83.           
  84.             <table>  
  85.                 <tr>  
  86.                     <td>  
  87.                         姓：  
  88.                     </td>  
  89.                     <td>  
  90.                         <input type="text"  name= "firstName"  id= "firstName"  value= "羽飞" >  
  91.                     </td>  
  92.                 </tr>  
  93.                     <td>  
  94.                         名：  
  95.                     </td>  
  96.                     <td>  
  97.                         <input type="text"  name= "secondName"  id= "secondName"  value= "翼" >  
  98.                     </td>  
  99.                 <tr>  
  100.                 </tr>  
  101.                 <tr>  
  102.                     <td>  
  103.                         生日：  
  104.                     </td>  
  105.                     <td>  
  106.                         <input type="text"  name= "birthday"  id= "birthday"  value= "五月" >  
  107.                     </td>  
  108.                     <td>  
  109.                         <input type="text"  name= "show"  id= "show" >  
  110.                     </td>  
  111.                 </tr>  
  112.             </table>  
  113.         <form action="#" >  
  114.             <input type="button"  value= "使用GET提交"  onclick= "doRequestUsingGET();" >  
  115.             <br>  
  116.             <input type="button"  value= "使用POST提交"  onclick= "doRequestUsingPOST();" >  
  117.         </form>  
  118.         <br>  
  119.         <br>        
  120.         <h2>服务器返回信息：</h2>         
  121.         <div id="serverResponse" >  
  122.         </div>  
  123.     </body>  
  124. </html>  


 

GetAndPostExample.java

 

Java代码
  1. package  yufei;  
  2.   
  3. import  java.io.*;  
  4. import  java.net.*;  
  5. import  javax.servlet.*;  
  6. import  javax.servlet.http.*;  
  7.   
  8. public   class  GetAndPostExample  extends  HttpServlet  
  9.     {  
  10.         protected   void  processRequest(HttpServletRequest request,  
  11.                 HttpServletResponse response, String method1)  
  12.                 throws  ServletException,IOException  
  13.                 {  
  14.                 //设置文本类型(content type)   
  15.                 response.setContentType("text/xml" );  
  16.                                      //设置文本类型的编码格式   
  17.                 response.setCharacterEncoding("GBK" );  
  18.                 response.setHeader("Cache-Control" , "no-cache" );  
  19.                   
  20.                 String firstName =null ;  
  21.                 String secondName = null ;  
  22.                 String birthday = null ;  
  23.                                     //无论是get还是post,都要使用下面这句   
  24.                                     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8" );  
  25.                 if  (method1.equals( "GET" ))  
  26.                 {                  
  27.                  firstName = new  String(request.getParameter( "firstName" ).getBytes( "ISO8859-1" ));  
  28.                  secondName = new  String(request.getParameter( "secondName" ).getBytes( "ISO8859-1" ));  
  29.                  birthday = new  String(request.getParameter( "birthday" ).getBytes( "ISO8859-1" ));  
  30.                 }  
  31.                 else   if  (method1.equals( "POST" ))  
  32.                 {                            firstName = request.getParameter("firstName" );  
  33.                  secondName = request.getParameter("secondName" );  
  34.                  birthday = request.getParameter("birthday" );  
  35.                 }     
  36.                 String responseText = "Hello "  + firstName +  " "  + secondName  
  37.                                 + " 你的生日是 "  + birthday +  " "  +  "(method: "  + method1 +  ")" ;               
  38.                 PrintWriter out = response.getWriter();  
  39.                 out.println(responseText);  
  40.                   
  41.                 out.close();  
  42.                 }  
  43.         protected   void  doGet(HttpServletRequest request,  
  44.                 HttpServletResponse response)  
  45.                 throws  ServletException,IOException  
  46.                 {  
  47.                 processRequest(request,response,"GET" );  
  48.                 }  
  49.         protected   void  doPost(HttpServletRequest request,  
  50.                 HttpServletResponse response)  
  51.                 throws  ServletException,IOException  
  52.                 {  
  53.                 processRequest(request,response,"POST" );  
  54.                 }  
  55.     }  


 

-

 

-


 

当我们的ajax请求只使用post(tomcat下可以实现get和post同样方案)请求时,我们可以使用过滤器来实现其编码设置,就可以把 servlet中的request.setCharactorEncoding提出来,去掉servlet里的 request.setCharactorEncoding("encoding name"),加入下面的过滤器

 

根据fins大大的指导,将过滤器重写为可以区分普通请求和ajax请求的样式了(ajax请求中设置了header)


 

SetCharacterEncodingFilter.java

 

Java代码
  1. package  yufei;  
  2.   
  3. import  java.io.IOException;  
  4. import  javax.servlet.FilterChain;  
  5. import  javax.servlet.FilterConfig;  
  6. import  javax.servlet.ServletException;  
  7. import  javax.servlet.ServletRequest;  
  8. import  javax.servlet.ServletResponse;  
  9. import  javax.servlet.Filter;  
  10. import  javax.servlet.http.HttpServletRequest;  
  11.   
  12. public   class  CharactorEncodingFilter  implements  Filter  
  13.     {  
  14.     public  CharactorEncodingFilter()  
  15.         {  
  16.         super ();  
  17.         }  
  18.     private  FilterConfig filterConfig;  
  19.     private  String ajaxEncoding =  "UTF-8" ;  
  20.     private  String commonEncoding;  
  21.     protected   boolean  ignore =  true ;  
  22.     public   void  init(FilterConfig filterConfig)  throws  ServletException  
  23.         {  
  24.         this .filterConfig = filterConfig;  
  25.         commonEncoding = filterConfig.getInitParameter("CommonRequestEncoding" );  
  26.         String value = filterConfig.getInitParameter("ignore" );  
  27.         if  (value ==  null )  
  28.             this .ignore =  true ;  
  29.         else   if  (value.equalsIgnoreCase( "true" ))  
  30.             this .ignore =  true ;  
  31.         else   if  (value.equalsIgnoreCase( "yes" ))  
  32.             this .ignore =  true ;  
  33.         else   
  34.             this .ignore =  false ;  
  35.         }  
  36.   
  37.     public   void  doFilter(ServletRequest req, ServletResponse res,  
  38.         FilterChain filterChain)  
  39.   
  40.         {  
  41.         try   
  42.             {  
  43.             HttpServletRequest request = (HttpServletRequest) req;  
  44.             if  (ignore || (request.getCharacterEncoding() ==  null ))  
  45.                 {  
  46.                 if  (request.getHeader( "RequestType" ) !=  null   
  47.                     && request.getHeader("RequestType" )  
  48.                         .equalsIgnoreCase("ajax" ))  
  49.                     {  
  50.                     request.setCharacterEncoding(ajaxEncoding);  
  51.                     }  
  52.                 else   if  (commonEncoding !=  null )  
  53.                     {  
  54.                     request.setCharacterEncoding(commonEncoding);  
  55.                     }  
  56.                 else   
  57.                     {  
  58.                     request.setCharacterEncoding("UTF-8" );  
  59.                     }  
  60.                 }  
  61.             filterChain.doFilter(req, res);  
  62.             }  
  63.         catch  (IOException e)  
  64.             {  
  65.             e.printStackTrace();  
  66.             }  
  67.         catch  (ServletException e)  
  68.             {  
  69.             e.printStackTrace();  
  70.             }  
  71.         }  
  72.     public   void  destroy()  
  73.         {  
  74.         this .commonEncoding =  null ;  
  75.         this .filterConfig =  null ;  
  76.         }  
  77.     }  


 

web.xml加入如下过滤器配置

 

Java代码
  1. <filter>  
  2.     <filter-name>CharactorEncoding</filter-name>  
  3.     <filter-class >org.apache.struts2.dispatcher.FilterDispatcher</filter- class >  
  4.                  <!-- 设置编码格式到initparameter里去 -->  
  5.     <init-param>  
  6.         <param-name>CommonRequestEncoding</param-name>  
  7.         <param-value>GBK</param-value>  
  8.     </init-param>       
  9. </filter>  
  10. <filter-mapping>  
  11.     <filter-name>CharactorEncoding</filter-name>  
  12.     <url-pattern>/*</url-pattern>  
  13. </filter-mapping>  
作者: Sjolzy

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